F-kr2n: Pseudo-Haymo, Liverani homiliary, homilies for the Sundays after Pentecost on Mark 8:1-9, Matthew 7:15-21 and Luke 16:1-9
The bifolium is identified with high confidence as two leaves of an anonymous Carolingian homiliary that circulated as homilies of "Haymo", a reworking of the homiliary of Haymo of Auxerre known as the Liverani homiliary. Fol. 4 carries the homily on the feeding of the four thousand (Barré no. 55, Liverani no. XLII), fol. 5 the end of the homily on the false prophets (Barré no. 56, Liverani no. XLIV) and, under the rubric "Dominica X", the start of the homily on the unjust steward (Barré no. 57, Liverani no. XLV). The wording is that of this collection, in a form that differs in detail from both witnesses compared.
The Fragmentarium record describes a parchment bifolium, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, NAL 2317, ff. 4-5, 325 x 500 mm, dated 1001-1050, catalogued as an unidentified homiliary. The genre is as catalogued. The catalogue description already notes that the homily on fol. 4r is close to Haymo's (Patrologia Latina 118, cols. 637-639) and transcribes the rubric and incipit on fol. 5r; it does not name the collection.
- Identification: identified, high. Three consecutive homilies agree in sequence and in distinctive wording with the Liverani homiliary: the etymology "Sporta quippe ex iunco et palma efficitur ... palma quasi pacis alma" and the seven churches, candlesticks and horns on fol. 4v, the close of the false-prophets homily on fol. 5r, and the opening of the steward homily on fols. 5r-5v. Haymo of Auxerre's own homily for the Sunday (Patrologia Latina 118, printed as Haymo of Halberstadt) has the same exegesis in different words and is the source of the reworking, not the text on the leaf. Heiric of Auxerre's homilies (Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis 116B), searched by phrase, have none of the wording tested. Qualification on the recension (that is, the distinct version of the text): the leaf words the incipit of the steward homily differently from both witnesses ("solercius considerandum est" against "solerter attendendum est"), lacks sentences that one or the other has, and shares readings now with Liverani's print, now with Latin 3806. Which version of the collection it represents is not determined.
- Transcription: source-assisted selected reading of fol. 4v column b, fol. 5r column b and fol. 5v column a; the image-only first reading covers fols. 4r, 4v and 5r and did not include fol. 5v. A research reader reread fol. 4v column b lines 5-23 and all of fol. 5v column a on enlarged crops, and fol. 5r column b at reduced size; fol. 4r and the rest of fol. 4v rest on the first reading. Fol. 5r column a (upper two thirds) and fol. 5v column b are abraded or stained and were not read. Accuracy has not been measured.
- Verification: a research reader compared four passages: two on fol. 4 with Liverani's printed text as returned by Google Books search-within snippets, and two on fol. 5 with page images of Paris, BnF, Latin 3806, fols. 137r-138r, and with the snippets. The coordinator read the passage of fol. 4v column b quoted below ("In cuius tipo et figura ... Sporta quippe ex iunco et palma efficitur ... quasi pabisalma ... iuxta fontem scripturrarum") on the image and found it as transcribed. Liverani's edition was not seen as page images. No human review.
Textual evidence
Manuscript: fol. 4r, fol. 4v, native-pixel box 2121,1500,4527,3700 for the passage of column b quoted below; fol. 5r, column b lower half, about 2400,2200,4000,4800; fol. 5v, column a, box 850,1000,2450,4850. Square brackets mark text lost or not read; abbreviations are resolved silently; the manuscript's spelling is kept.
| NAL 2317, ff. 4-5 | Source |
|---|---|
| fol. 4r col. a (first reading): "per septiformem gratiam spiritus sancti gubernatur regitur et reficitur [...] quia septem sunt dona spiritus sancti que [...] quieuerunt sicut esaias dicit. Et requiescet super eum spiritus domini. Que et [...] dona suis participibus contulit [...] ut ait apostolus. Alii datur per spiritum sermo sapiencie" | Liverani p. 419: "septiformem gratiam Spiritus sancti regitur, gubernatur atque reficitur. Vel certe quia septem sunt Spiritus sancti dona, quae in Domino requieverunt. Sicut Isaias ait: et requiescat super eum Spiritus Domini [...] Quae etiam dona suis participibus contulit, quia ut ait apostolus: alii datur per Spiritum sermo scientiae" |
| fol. 4r col. a (first reading): "In alia refeccione scriptum est quia super fenum discubuerunt. Ergo per fenum carnalis delectacio figuratur et bene super fenum discubuisse dicuntur quia iudaicus populus adhoc legem acceperat ut [...] carnalia peccata resecaret" | Liverani p. 419: "In illa refectione scriptum est, quia super foenum discubuerent. [...] Per foenum ergo carnis delectatio figuratur. Et jure super foenum discubuisse dicuntur, quia populus judaicus ad hoc legem acceperat, ut in ea peccata carnalia resecaret" |
| fol. 4v col. b: "In cuius tipo et figura iohannes euuangelista in apocalipsint sua vii ecclesias enumerat nec non ad vii candelabra aurea et vii cornua agni. Unde et zacharias propheta ait in lapide uno septem occuli sunt. Et sustullerunt inquid vii sportas. Sporta quippe ex iunco et palma efficitur. iungus enim iuxta preterfluentes aquas nasci solet. Palma autem dicitur quasi pabisalma ex qua uinctores coronari soliti erant significant uero precordia sanctorum. Et recte per iungum precordia sanctorum figurrantur quia sicut iuncus iuxta preterfluentes aquas nascitur ita quoque precordia sanctorum iuxta fontem scripturrarum comorantur ne uiriditatem fidei ammittant" | Liverani p. 420: "In cujus typo et figura Joannes evangelista in apocalipsi sua septem ecclesias enumerat, nec non et septem candelabra aurea et septem cornua agni. Hinc et Zacharias propheta ait: in lapide uno septem oculi sunt [...] Sporta quippe ex junco et palma efficitur. Juncus quippe juxta praeterfluentes aquas nasci solet. Palma vero [...] quasi pacis alma efficitur, ex qua victores coronari soliti erant, significant enim praecordia sanctorum. Et bene per juncum praecordia sanctorum figurantur, quia sicut juncus juxta praeterfluentes oritur, ita et praecordia sanctorum juxta fontem scripturarum commorantur, ne viriditatem fidei amittant" |
| fol. 5r col. b: "necesa est ut non solum dominum inuocare studeamus sed etiam uoluntatem eius adimplere quia sicut ipse dignatus est dicere. Si quis fecerit uoluntatem patris mei qui in celis est ipse meus frater soror et mater est. Nam et psalmus cum de confesoribus christi loqueretur dicens. Inuocabant dominum et ipse exaudiebat eos. Subiunxit. Custodiebant testimonia eius et precepta eius. Nam et iohannes in apocalipsint sua cum diceret. Beatus qui legit et qui audiunt adiunxit et seruant ea que in ea scripta sunt" | Latin 3806, fol. 137r: "Necesse est enim ut non solum dominum inuocare studeamus sed etiam eius uoluntatem adimpleamus. [...] Qui autem facit uoluntatem patris mei qui in celis est ipse meus frater et soror et mater est. Hinc et psalmista cum de confessoribus christi loqueretur postquam dixit inuocabant dominum et ipse exaudiebat eos adiunxit Custodiebant testimonia eius et preceptum quod dedit illis. Nam et iohannes cum in apochalipsi sua diceret beatus qui legit et qui audit uerba prophetie huius libri adiunxit Et seruat ea que in ea scripta sunt" |
| fol. 5r col. b, rubric and opening: "Dominica x. Lectio sancti euangelii secundum Lucam. In illo tempore. Homo quidam erat diues qui abebat uilicum. hoc namque in scripturris sacris solercius considerandum est quia quedam in ueritate" | Liverani p. 429: "Hoc solerter in scripturis sacris attendendum est, quia quaedam in veritate facta creduntur". Latin 3806, fol. 137r: "Sollerter namque in scripturis sacris adtendendum est quia quedam in ueritate facta creduntur" |
| fol. 5v col. a: "Sunt uero alia que tantummodo per similitudinem dicuntur ut animum audientis ad inuisibilia cognoscenda subleuent. Sicut in hoc loco dicturus dominus. facite uobis amicos de mamona iniquitatis. Primum de uillico iniquitatis similitudinem nobis dedit ut nos e diuerso intellegamus [...] Homo iste dominus noster ihesus christus est intellegendus. De quo scriptum est. Homo est et quis agnoscet eum. Et iterum. Homo natus est in ea. Et rursum. Ecce uenit dominus et omo de domo dauid. Ergo homo iste habuit multas diuicias inenarabiles et inscrutabiles. Sicut ait paulus apostolus. O altitudo diuiciarum sapiencie dei" | Liverani p. 429: "sunt vero alia quae tantummodo per similitudinem dicuntur, ut animum audientis ad invisibilia cognoscenda sublevent. Sicut in hoc loco dicit Dominus: facite vobis amicos de iniquo mammona. Primo de villico iniquitatis similitudinem dedit, ut nos ex diverso intelligamus [...] Homo iste Dominus noster Jesus Christus est intelligendus. De quo scriptum est: homo est, et quis cognoscet eum? Et iterum: homo natus est in ea. Et rursum: ecce veniet Deus et homo. Ergo homo iste habuit divitias inenarrabiles et inscrutabiles; sicut ait Paulus apostolus: o altitudo divitiarum sapientiae et scientiae Dei". Latin 3806, fol. 137v: "Sic in hoc loco dicturus dominus. Facite uobis amicos de mamona iniquitatis [...] Primum de uillico iniquitatis similitudinem dedit" |
Differences: on fol. 4r the leaf lacks Liverani's sentences on the land of the living between "discubuerunt" and "Per foenum"; on fol. 5r it lacks the sentences that Latin 3806 has around the quotation of Matthew 12:50 and ends the homily at "scripta sunt", where Latin 3806 continues. In the steward homily it has "dicturus dominus", "de mamona iniquitatis", "Primum" and "domino suo" with Latin 3806 against Liverani, keeps "Homo natus est in ea. Et rursum" with Liverani where Latin 3806 omits it, and alone reads "solercius considerandum", "nobis dedit" and "de domo dauid". On fol. 4r-4v it also has the comparison of Scripture to a river "in quo et eleuas natat et agnus pedibus ambulat", which was found in Liverani only in another homily (p. 264) and stands in Haymo's own homily (Patrologia Latina 118, col. 639). The rubric number "Dominica X" agrees with Barré's inventory; Latin 3806 has "Dominica VIIII".
The collection is the one H. Barré calls the Liverani homiliary (Les homéliaires carolingiens de l'école d'Auxerre, Studi e Testi 225, 1962, pp. 113-122, inventory pp. 195-208): an anonymous homiliary on the Gospels transmitted as Homelie domni Aimonis, which Barré judges a later reworking of the homiliary of Haymo of Auxerre. It was printed by F. Liverani, Spicilegium Liberianum (Florence, 1863), from a manuscript of S. Maria Maggiore in Rome, under the name of Haymo of Halberstadt, an attribution no longer accepted. Barré distinguishes an Italian recension (Liverani's manuscript and others) from a French one, to which he assigns Paris, BnF, Latin 3806, a homiliary from Vilabertran in Catalonia of the 11th or 12th century according to the BnF notice. No page scan of Liverani was found; his text and Barré's inventory were read through Google Books search-within snippets, which give the printed wording and page but can drop or garble words. Latin 3806 was read from the digitised microfilm on Gallica. The pages of Latin 3806 used here are fol. 137r and fols. 137v-138r. Liverani's homily XLII occupies pp. 417-421, XLIV pp. 425-428 and XLV pp. 429-433 of his edition.
The manuscript, and what is not claimed
Three Fragmentarium records for NAL 2317 are leaves of one manuscript: this one, f. 6 (F-1szi) and f. 7 (F-vpe8). The catalogue describes them separately, with three different dates, and does not connect them. The grounds for joining them are the same small rounded Carolingian minuscule and spelling habits on all four leaves (abebat, ominum, scripturra, ut for uel, "&" inside words, ".;" at sentence ends), the same two-column layout of 31 to 33 lines with a written area that the catalogue itself measures as 236 x 184, 238 x 185 and 235 x 184 mm, and the content: homilies of one collection in its liturgical order, Barré nos. 55 to 57 on ff. 4-5 and nos. 67, 68 and 69 across ff. 6 and 7. The leaves are not consecutive. This is a reader's comparison of images, not a codicological examination.
Fols. 4 and 5 are conjoint but not consecutive: fol. 4v ends within the homily on Mark 8 and fol. 5r begins near the end of the homily two places later, so several leaves once lay between them. Fol. 4r carries the later dates "1572 a 1573" in the upper margin. No claim is made about the date or place of origin; the catalogue dates were not reassessed, and the spelling and the agreement with a Catalan witness only suggest, without showing, a southern origin. The recension is not determined: a full collation with Latin 3806, with Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, theol. lat. fol. 595, and with a page copy of Liverani would be needed, and the Catalan homiliary of Luculentius, another reworking of Haymo, was not tested because no searchable text was found. Whether these leaves are already known to students of the collection was not checked.